Where Volton operates

After the noon auction closes, intraday opens — a continuous order book that runs until close to delivery. It is where flexibility actually pays.

Forward contracts on electricity, traded on Nasdaq Commodities and EEX, let buyers fix a price for delivery months or years ahead. Most settle financially against the day-ahead spot.

Power Purchase Agreements are 5–15 year bilateral contracts between renewable generators and corporate offtakers. They probably did more for Europe’s energy transition than any subsidy.

Frequency Containment Reserve activates within 30 seconds of a frequency deviation, fully automatic, no TSO signal. Batteries dominate it. It is what made grid-scale storage economically viable.

Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve activates in ~30 seconds via TSO control signal, follows it on a 4-second cycle, and pulls the grid back to 50 Hz. Estonia joined the EU PICASSO platform on 9 April 2025; cross-border aFRR clears every 4 seconds across the continent.

Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve is activated by a human operator, with full delivery in 12.5 minutes. In Estonia, it is currently the most lucrative balancing market for batteries.